Pulmonary complications in the non-HIV immunocompromised patient

The incidence of non-HIV immunocompromised patients is increasing. This is primarily due to improved immunosuppressive regimes for autoimmune diseases and also increases in stem cell transplantation. Pulmonary complications are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in these patients. Imaging is frequently used to assess these complications and to streamline therapies, as microbiological and/or pathological diagnosis can often be difficult, invasive, or protracted. This review provides the reader with a structured approach to interpret the imaging findings and differentiate between different infective and non-infective complications in these patients.