Joint Effects of Environmental Exposures and Familial Susceptibility to Lung Cancer in Chinese Never Smoking Men and Women

ObjectivesPrevious epidemiological studies had limited power to investigate the joint effects of individual environmental risk factors and familial susceptibility to lung cancer. This study aimed to address this shortcoming.MethodsWe recruited 345 never smoking lung cancer cases and 828 community referents. We developed a collective environmental exposure index by assigning a value of 1 to subjects at high risks regarding environmental risk factors and 0 otherwise, and then summed over using weights equivalent to the excess odds ratio. Potential additive and multiplicative interactions between environmental exposure index and family cancer history were examined.ResultsCompared with “low environmental exposure and without family cancer history”, the odds ratio was 6.80 (95% confidence interval = 3.31–13.98) for males who had high environmental exposures but without family cancer history, whereas it increased to 30.61 (95% confidence interval = 9.38–99.87) if they also had a positive family history. The corresponding associations became weaker in never smoking females. No multiplicative interaction was observed for both genders and an additive interaction was restricted among males.ConclusionsThis study developed a novel environmental exposure index that offers sufficient interest deserving further studies on the interactions between environmental exposures and familial susceptibility to lung cancer risk.