Ocular findings of oral sildenafil use in term and near-term neonates

BackgroundSildenafil is a phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor used as a therapeutic adjunct in critically ill neonates with persistent pulmonary hypertension. Sildenafil is associated with several ocular complications in adults and is suspected to exacerbate retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). The risk of ocular complication in sildenafil-treated newborns, not otherwise at risk for the development of ROP, is unknown.MethodsTwenty-two neonates with birth gestational age greater than 34 weeks and birth weight over 2,100 g who received oral sildenafil for more than 2 weeks were assessed by a pediatric ophthalmologist for potential ocular complications.ResultsFour patients had ocular findings: 2 had bacterial conjunctivitis; 1 had optic nerve hypoplasia, choroidal coloboma, and nystagmus; 1 had previously suffered from a hypotensive episode and had a documented cortical injury accompanied by bilateral optic disk atrophy and nystagmus. All cases seemed unrelated to sildenafil use and improved despite continued use of the drug.ConclusionsOur results do not support the need for a routine ophthalmologic examination in term and near-term neonates receiving sildenafil.