Specifying and controlling the optical image on the human retina

A review covering the trends that led to the current state of knowledge in the areas of:(a)schematic models of the eye, and the definition of the retinal image in terms of first-order optics;(b)the description of the actual image on the retina and methods for accessing and characterizing it;(c)available procedures for controlling the quality of the retinal image in defined situations; and(d)intra-receptoral optical effects that cause differences between the light distribution on the retinal surface and at the level of interaction with photopigment molecules.