Article ID Journal Published Year Pages File Type
4032528 Survey of Ophthalmology 2014 19 Pages PDF
Abstract

Nontraumatic orbital hemorrhage (NTOH) is uncommon. I summarize the published reports of NTOH and offer a classification based on anatomic and etiologic factors. Anatomic patterns of NTOH include diffuse intraorbital hemorrhage, “encysted” hemorrhage (hematic cyst), subperiosteal hemorrhage, hemorrhage in relation to extraocular muscles, and hemorrhage in relation to orbital floor implants. Etiologic factors include vascular malformations and lesions, increased venous pressure, bleeding disorders, infection and inflammation, and neoplastic and nonneoplastic orbital lesions. The majority of NTOH patients can be managed conservatively, but some will have visual compromise and may require operative intervention. Some will suffer permanent visual loss, but a large majority have a good visual outcome.

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Health Sciences Medicine and Dentistry Ophthalmology
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