Synthesis, characterization and enhanced photocatalytic degradation efficiency of Se doped ZnO nanoparticles using trypan blue as a model dye

•Synthesis of 9.5 nm Se doped ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) by thermo-mechanical method.•Se doping led to formation of oxygen vacancy defect, evident from emission spectroscopy.•Photodegradation efficiency was due to ROS generation measured quantitatively by terephthalic acid.•Photodegradation efficiency depended on Se doping in ZnO and pH of dye solution.•Nanoscale Se doped ZnO photocatalyst is stable and re-usable.

Se doped ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) were successfully synthesized by thermo-mechanical method whose band gap increased with concentration of Se doping. Transmission electron microscopy of 5 wt% Se doped ZnO NPs revealed spherical nanoparticles of average size of 9.5 nm. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) revealed Se 3d binding energy at 59.5 eV, confirmed SeO2 in the doped ZnO NPs. Fluorescence emission spectroscopy of Se doped ZnO NPs revealed oxygen vacancies which increased with the concentration of Se doping. The photodegradation efficiency of trypan blue (TB) using 30 W UV lamp was higher for Se doped ZnO NPs than pristine ZnO NPs, depended on Se doping concentrations, UV illumination, concentrations of photocatalyst and pH of the dye solution. The batch of 0.6 mg of 5 wt% Se doped in ZnO NPs per mL of TB dye maintained at pH 5 exhibited maximum photodegradation efficiency (89.2 ± 3.1%). Higher photocatalytic degradation efficiency for Se doped ZnO NPs was correlated with incorporation of oxygen vacancies due to Se doping, which were likely intermediate levels for transiting photoexcited charge carriers for generation of hydroxyl radicals and consequently facilitated photodegradation. Terephthalic acid assay confirmed formation of hydroxyl radicals in dye solution treated with photocatalyst.

Graphical abstractPhotodegradation of trypan blue by hydroxyl radical generated from Se doped ZnO NPs.Figure optionsDownload full-size imageDownload high-quality image (221 K)Download as PowerPoint slide