The Effect of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction on Stride-to-Stride Variability

PurposeThe purpose of our study was to investigate the functional outcome after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction using bone–patellar tendon–bone (BPTB) and quadrupled semitendinosus and gracilis tendon (ST/G) autografts by evaluating stride-to-stride variability.MethodsSix patients with BPTB and 6 patients with STG ACL reconstruction, 2 years postoperatively, and 6 healthy control subjects walked on a treadmill at a self-selected pace while 2 minutes of continuous kinematic data were recorded with a 6-camera optoelectronic system. Stride-to-stride variability was calculated from the knee flexion/extension data using the nonlinear measure of approximate entropy, which estimates the regularity of movement patterns over time.ResultsACL reconstruction affects stride-to-stride variability. Both the BPTB and the ST/G groups had significantly larger approximate entropy values than the healthy controls. No differences were found between the BPTB and the ST/G approximate entropy values.ConclusionsAfter ACL reconstruction using either BPTB or quadrupled ST/G, there is increased gait variability as compared to healthy individuals. This could be caused by the altered neuromuscular activity found in ACL-reconstructed limbs.Level of EvidenceLevel III, case control study.