(iii) Antifracture efficacy of osteoporosis treatments

Osteoporosis results in low trauma fractures, which cause substantial morbidity and are associated with increased mortality as well as considerable health expenditure. At risk individuals should be identified as early as possible. Prevention of fractures includes detection and treatment of secondary causes, lifestyle advice and falls prevention. There are a growing number of specific therapies with both anti-resorptive and anabolic effects, which are effective at increasing bone mineral density and reducing fracture rates. There are also a number of medications licensed for use in male osteoporosis. The oral bisphosphonates are generally considered the first choice, but treatment can be tailored to the individual. Follow-up allows those who fail to respond to be identified and alternative therapies to be substituted.