Does the complication rate and treatment effect of balloon kyphoplasty and vertebroplasty differ in countries or specialties of operators?

The procedure operated by orthopedic surgeons and neurosurgeons tend to have lower cement leakage rate. One possible reason was that the neurosurgeons and the orthopedic surgeons are more familiar with the anatomical information needed for the procedure. Another possible explanation was that the radiologists might have more sufficient data to report the complications than the clinicians.