Combined autologous chondrocyte implantation and allogenic meniscus transplantation: A biological knee replacement

Meniscus deficient knees develop early osteoarthritis in the knee. Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation has provided a new dimension to the treatment of chondral defects in the knee, with 85% good to excellent results and a long-term durable outcome of up-to 11 years. However, it is contraindicated in meniscus deficient knees.Allogenic Meniscus Transplantation gives good symptomatic relief in meniscus deficient knees, with a success rate of 89%. However, it is contraindicated in advanced cartilage degeneration.We hypothesized that combination of these two might be a solution for bone-on-bone arthritis in young individuals.We studied a consecutive series of eight patients, with mean age of 43 years, presenting with large kissing chondral defects, secondary to the previous meniscectomy. All the patients were treated with a combination of Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation and Allogenic Meniscus Transplantation.Mean pre-operative Lysholm score was 49, which rose to mean of 66 at 1 year, an average increase by 16.4 points. Six patients showed significant improvement at one year. MRI scans showed good integration of the menisci with the capsule, without any rejection. Histology confirmed the integration. All the patients could lead an active life-style. Five patients maintained the improvement at a mean follow-up of 3.2 years. We could not find any deleterious effects of the combination of these two techniques.So we conclude that the combination of these two techniques together may act a one step towards a true biological knee replacement.