Medial Ankle Ligament Injuries in Athletes

Ankle sprains with injuries of the lateral or medial ligament complex have a high incidence in daily life and sports. Therefore, an appropriate concept for clinical examination, diagnosis, and surgical treatment is mandatory. Although clinical presentation and treatment modalities are well described for the lateral ligaments, little is known about the medial ankle and its ligament injuries. The purpose of this article is to provide an update of clinical examination, diagnosis, and treatment for these complex ligament injuries and report the primary results of our treatment concept.