Spondylolysis and Spondylolisthesis in Athletes

A spectrum of isthmic disorders of the lumbar spine is found in athletes. Most respond to nonoperative treatment. Spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis should be considered as separate conditions. Surgical management for high-grade spondylolisthesis is controversial. No specific guidelines are available regarding return to sports after surgery for these disorders. Athletes requiring increased lumbar flexibility must be cautioned about possible inability to perform at elite levels post operatively.