Computer assisted navigation in orthopaedics and trauma surgery

Computer assisted navigation was initially introduced into neurosurgical practice, and then orthopaedic spinal surgery, in the 1990's. It has gained momentum in recent years, finding applications in multiple branches of orthopaedic surgery including hip and knee arthroplasty, sports injuries, trauma, spinal surgery and bone tumour surgery. The technology provides the surgeon with real-time information regarding the position of surgical instruments and implants in relation to the skeleton and has the potential to improve surgical accuracy and outcome.Computer assisted navigation systems can be active, employing robotic surgeons, or passive where the surgeon remains in total control but computer software aids in the procedure.Computer assisted navigation has the potential to help surgeons perform procedures more accurately, with a view to improving outcome. This article reviews the multiple applications, limitations, and advantages of computer assisted navigation in orthopaedics in the operating theatre and beyond.