Synthesis of diethyl carbonate from ethyl carbamate and ethanol over ZnO-PbO catalyst

The synthesis of diethyl carbonate (DEC) from ethyl carbamate and ethanol was investigated over a series of double metal oxides. Among the catalysts, ZnO-PbO showed the best catalytic activity and the highest DEC yield was 20.6%. Furthermore, ZnO-PbO had an excellent reusability. According to the results of XRD measurement, IR and element analysis, ZnO and PbO in ZnO-PbO catalyst were separately converted to Zn(NCO)2(NH3)2 and metal Pb during the reaction, indicating that the mixture of Zn(NCO)2(NH3)2 and metal Pb may be the real active composition for DEC synthesis and ZnO-PbO is the precursor. In addition, a possible reaction mechanism for DEC synthesis was proposed.

Graphical abstractFigure optionsDownload full-size imageDownload high-quality image (92 K)Download as PowerPoint slideHighlights► ZnO-PbO shows a high catalytic performance for diethyl carbonate synthesis. ► ZnO-PbO also shows an excellent reusability. ► Zn(NCO)2(NH3)2 and cubic metal Pb are the real active composition. ► The catalytic mechanism of Zn(NCO)2(NH3)2 and cubic metal Pb has been elucidated.