Metal oxide-catalyzed ammoxidation of alcohols to nitriles and promotion effect of gold nanoparticles for one-pot amide synthesis

Transition metal oxides (MnO2, Co3O4, and NiO) are catalytically active for the ammoxidation of alcohols to nitriles. In particular, MnO2 exhibited remarkably high catalytic activity and selectivity for the ammoxidation of alcohols to produce nitriles. Benzyl alcohol could also be directly converted to benzonitrile by MnO2 catalyst by the one-pot ammoxidation and the hydration with water which was formed by the first ammoxidation step. The deposition of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) onto MnO2 did not enhance the ammoxidation of benzyl alcohol but promoted the hydration of benzonitrile to produce benzamide with high selectivity. In contrast, Au NPs supported on Al2O3, CuO, and CeO2 catalyzed the ammoxidation of benzyl alcohol, whereas these metal oxides themselves were inactive for the ammoxidation or showed low catalytic activity. These results have demonstrated that gold is intrinsically active as a catalyst for the ammoxidation of alcohols.

Graphical abstractFigure optionsDownload full-size imageDownload high-quality image (97 K)Download as PowerPoint slideHighlights► Manganese dioxide is an excellent catalyst for the ammoxidation of alcohols to produce nitriles. ► Gold deposited on MnO2 promoted the hydration of a nitrile leading to a one-pot amide synthesis from an alcohol. ► Gold on Al2O3 and CeO2 catalyzed the ammoxidation of benzyl alcohol.