Fungal spine

Fungal infections of the spine present unique challenges in both diagnosis and treatment. As opposed to bacterial infections of the spine, fungal infections are less common. However, the increasing incidence of fungal infections has made it critical for the spinal surgeon to be able to recognize the risk factors as well as the clinical presentation associated with invasive fungal disease. Furthermore, management of fungal infections requires a multi-disciplinary team effort both in regard to medical and surgical treatment. This article outlines the common causative fungal species, including common risk factors as well as endemic and demographic factors for each. A thorough review of diagnostic and treatment approaches is also discussed.