Neuromonitoring in pediatric spine surgery

Intraoperative neurophysiologic monitoring has an integral role during pediatric spinal deformity correction to mitigate the risk of iatrogenic neurologic injury. This review describes the nuances of pediatric spine surgery as they relate to neurophysiologic monitoring, addresses how the advent of multimodal techniques has expanded the scope of management of complex curvatures, and discusses the role of neuromonitoring during contemporary pediatric spine procedures, including growing rod and vertical expandable prosthetic titanium rib implantation.