An Update on the Medical Pain Management of the Multiply Operated Lumbar Spine, Including Neuroablative and Other Minimally Invasive Techniques

A review of case studies, retrospective studies, and history of techniques including injections, radiofrequency ablation, and implantable devices was conducted to update the reader regarding the management of pain, for the multiple-operated spine patient, including neuroblative and other minimally invasive procedures. The methodology, risks, and options associated with each type of treatment are discussed. The use of injections, radiofrequency ablation, minimally invasive disc procedures, and implantable devices are valuable tools in treating the patient who has persistent pain after spinal surgery.