Pulmonary cement embolization after kyphoplasty: a case report and review of the literature

Background contextKyphoplasty is performed for the treatment of osteoporotic compression fractures. A theoretical advantage of this technique is the reduced risk of embolization of cement.Study design/settingCase report of an incidental finding of cement pulmonary embolization after kyphoplasty of an osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture.Methods/resultsHere we report a patient who presented with an incidental finding of pulmonary embolization after kyphoplasty and review the relevant literature.ConclusionsPatients who present with symptoms of respiratory distress after kyphoplasty should undergo workup for pulmonary embolism. Clinicians may consider routine postoperative chest radiographs after kyphoplasty to screen for embolic disease. Further research is necessary to identify the risk factors and possible long-term sequelae of cement embolization.