Operative findings in the frontal recess at time of revision surgery

ObjectiveEndoscopic sinus surgery is the gold standard for the treatment of medically refractory chronic rhinosinusitis. There is, however, a population of patients for whom persistent disease is a problem. Of all the sinuses, the frontal sinus is the most likely to have recurrent obstruction. We evaluated the findings causing frontal recess obstruction at the time of revision surgery.Study design and settingA retrospective review was performed in a tertiary care academic otolaryngology department.ResultsFindings obstructing the frontal recess at the time of revision sinus surgery were reviewed. Two hundred eighty-nine frontal sinuses were included. Seven findings were identified: mucosal disease (67%), retained ethmoid cells (53%), lateralized middle turbinates (30%), retained agger nasi cells (13%), scar (12%), retained frontal cells (8%), and neoosteogenesis (7%). Most frontal recesses had multiple etiologies for failure listed above, with an average of 1.6.ConclusionsMultiple findings can be identified that contribute to frontal recess obstruction requiring revision sinus surgery. A comprehensive approach to address all factors is necessary to prevent surgical failure among patients presenting for endoscopic frontal sinus surgery.