The Surgical Tools: The LeFort I, Bilateral Sagittal Split Osteotomy of the Mandible, and the Osseous Genioplasty

Orthognathic surgery involves the surgical manipulation of the elements of the facial skeleton to restore normal anatomic and functional relationships in patients who have dentofacial skeletal anomalies. The elements of the facial skeleton can be repositioned, redefining the face through a variety of well-established osteotomies. Most maxillofacial deformities can be managed with the three basic osteotomies discussed in this article: the LeFort I type osteotomy, the bilateral sagittal split osteotomy of the mandibular ramus, and the horizontal osteotomy of the symphysis of the chin (osseous genioplasty).