Can Helicobacter pylori cause inflammation in the middle ear?

Effusion in the middle ear induced by histamine is an appropriate medium for H. pylori reproduction and it also aggravates the inflammation process. In contrary, H. pylori did not cause inflammation in the normal middle ear. We suggest that H. pylori does not play a role in the etiology of otitis media with effusion alone, but it contributes to the inflammation process in the presence of an effusion.