Juvenile xanthogranuloma of the superior mediastinum resulting in upper airway obstruction

Juvenile xanthogranuloma (JXG) is the most common form of non-Langerhans histiocytosis in the pediatric population. JXG most typically presents as a subcutaneous nodule. The natural course of the disease is usually spontaneous resolution without treatment. However, there have been case reports of juvenile xanthogranuloma involving the larynx and trachea that required treatment for symptoms of airway obstruction. We describe the first case of juvenile xanthogranuloma involving the superior mediastinum with impingement on the trachea causing airway obstruction.