Transnasal esophagoscopy

Dysphagia is prevalent and costly. Common etiologies include advancing age, stroke, head and neck cancer, acid reflux, and progressive neurologic disease. Esophageal phase dysphagia is responsible for a majority of outpatient swallowing referrals. Unsedated transnasal esophagoscopy has emerged as the modality of choice for a comprehensive evaluation of esophageal phase swallowing dysfunction. This manuscript will review the contemporary indications, technique, and expected findings on unsedated transnasal esophagoscopy.