Refinements of the forehead flap in nasal reconstruction

The nose is a common site for cutaneous malignancy and subsequent reconstruction. Normal function, a smooth nasal contour with appropriate color and texture match, and an overall inconspicuous appearance serves as the only acceptable final goals of nasal restoration. The forehead flap is the workhorse flap in nasal resurfacing of large nasal defects. This article reviews the anatomy, indications, surgical technique, and complications of the forehead flap while reviewing recent refinements in its application.