Gastric dysplasia: update and practical approach

Gastric epithelial dysplasia (GED), which is universally accepted as an epithelial neoplastic process confined to the basement membrane, has been the subject of numerous studies especially because of the significant differences in the prevalence, nomenclature, and diagnostic criteria across the continents. This review concisely summarizes current controversies, and discusses the updated guidelines and newly recognized subtypes of gastric dysplasia as they relate to the diagnosis and patient management. Establishing the correct diagnosis of GED is not only important for predicting the risk of malignant transformation in the biopsied lesion but is also critical in determining the risk of metachronous gastric cancer.