A prognostic index in skin melanoma through the combination of matrix metalloproteinase-2, Ki67, and p53

SummaryThe objective of this immunohistochemical study was to explore the roles of Ki67 and p53 in conjunction with matrix metalloproteinase-2 and matrix metalloproteinase-9, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-1 and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-2 in a series of 157 cases of skin melanomas. Elevated Ki67 expression and positive staining for p53 correlated to the propensity to metastasize (P = .016) and to declined disease-specific survival, as well as to shortened recurrence-free survival. In patients with a high immunoreaction for Ki67, the 10-year disease-specific survival was 39% compared with 73% in patients with a low Ki67 expression (P = .03). In cases with a positive p53 expression in melanoma cells, the 10-year disease-specific survival was 59% compared with 76% in patients with a negative immunoreaction for p53 (P = .005). Overexpression of the matrix metalloproteinase 2 protein in conjunction with overexpression of Ki67 characterized melanomas with high metastatic potential and was associated with declined survival with a 10-year disease-specific survival of 33% compared with 85% in the cases with low matrix metalloproteinase-2 and low Ki-67 levels (P = .002). Similarly, in cases with overexpression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and a positive immunoreaction for p53, the 10-year disease-specific survival was only 42% compared with 80% in patients with matrix metalloproteinase-2 less than 20% and a negative immunostaining for p53 (P < .001). The presence of all 3 adverse prognostic factors was prognostically more significant than any marker alone with a 10-year survival of only 28%. This combination of determining matrix metalloproteinase 2, Ki67, and p53 immunoreactive proteins could be beneficial in the selection of high-risk melanoma patients for future adjuvant trials.