Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
---|---|---|---|---|
4147705 | Archives de Pédiatrie | 2011 | 6 Pages |
RésuméIntroductionEn pédiatrie, la détermination de doses adéquates est indispensable dès l’instauration des traitements par vancomycine en raison du risque important de concentrations plasmatiques insuffisantes et de résistances bactériennes potentielles. Cette étude rétrospective a pour objectif d’évaluer les doses de vancomycine réellement efficaces en hémato-oncologie pédiatrique, déterminées après adaptation pharmacocinétique bayésienne.Patients et méthodesCent-soixante et un patients traités par vancomycine en perfusion continue entre 2000 à 2010 ont été sélectionnés. L’influence des doses initiales de vancomycine sur les concentrations plasmatiques au plateau (Cpp) avant adaptation bayésienne a été étudiée en fonction des recommandations posologiques pédiatriques (40 mg/kg/j) et de l’âge des patients.RésultatsLe pourcentage de patients présentant des Cpp insuffisantes (< 10 mg/L) était respectivement de 28,6 %, 16 % et 0 % lorsque le traitement avait été démarré à moins de 40 mg/kg/j (± 10 %), à 40 mg/kg/j (± 10 %) et à plus de 40 mg/kg/j (± 10 %). Pour une dose initiale identique de 40 mg/kg/j (± 10 %), les Cpp étaient optimales (15 < Cpp< 20 mg/L) chez les adolescents et les enfants de 6 à 12 ans, mais inférieures à 15 mg/L chez les enfants de 2 à 6 ans et les nourrissons.Discussion et conclusionsEn l’absence de cofacteurs néphrotoxiques, nous proposons une augmentation des doses initiales de vancomycine en perfusion continue entre 40 et 45 mg/kg/j chez l’enfant de 6 à 12 ans, entre 45 et 50 mg/kg/j chez l’enfant de 2 à 6 ans et entre 50 et 55 mg/kg/j chez le nourrisson, en hémato-oncologie.
SummaryIntroductionIn children and infants, the determination of optimal dosages is essential from the beginning of treatments with vancomycin because of the high risk of inadequate serum concentrations and bacterial resistance. Bayesian pharmacokinetic methods can be used to adjust dosages according to serum vancomycin concentrations and the patients’ physiopathological characteristics. The aim of this retrospective study was to review the effective dosages of vancomycin in paediatric hematology/oncology, using a bayesian pharmacokinetic method.Patients and methodsOne hundred and sixty-one patients in paediatric hematology/oncology units, aged from 1 month to 18 years, who were treated with vancomycin in continuous infusion, were selected between 2000 and 2010. The influence of initial vancomycin dosages on serum steady-state concentrations (Ssc) before bayesian adaptation was studied on the basis of dosing recommendations in children and infants (i.e., 40 mg/kg/day). In addition, the Ssc before bayesian adaptation and the effective dosages determined after bayesian adaptation (Edb) were analysed according to the patients’ age, for an identical dosage of 40 mg/kg/day (± 10%).ResultsThe percentage of patients with low Ssc (i.e., <10 mg/L) was 28.6%, 16%, and 0 when treatment was initiated at less than 40 mg/kg/day (± 10%), at 40 mg/kg/day (± 10%), and at more than 40 mg/kg/day (± 10%), respectively. For an identical initial dosage of 40 mg/kg/day (± 10%), the Ssc gradually increased as the patients’ age increased. The Ssc were optimal (i.e., between 15 and 20 mg/L) in adolescents and children from 6 to 12 years of age, but less than 15 mg/L in children from 2 to 6 years of age and infants. The Edb gradually increased as the patients’ age decreased.Discussion and conclusionsThe choice of initial dosages of vancomycin treatment must take greater account of the patient's age in order to reduce the frequency of inadequate Ssc before titration. In the absence of nephrotoxic cofactors, we suggest an increase in initial vancomycin dosages in continuous infusion between 40 and 45 mg/kg/day in children from 6 to 12 years old, between 45 and 50 mg/kg/day in children from 2 to 6 years old, and between 50 and 55 mg/kg/day in infants, in hematology/oncology. For teenage patients, the standard dosage (i.e., 40 mg/kg/d) seems appropriate.