Diagnosis and Management of Childhood Headache

Headache is one of the most common chief complaints seen in the pediatricianʼs office. Oftentimes, identifying the etiology of headache and differentiating primary and secondary causes can present a diagnostic conundrum. Understanding the most common causes of primary and secondary headache is vital to making a correct diagnosis. Here we review the typical presentations of the most common primary headache disorders and the approach to evaluation of the pediatric patient presenting with headache. Diagnostic workup, including the key features to elicit on physical examination, when to order head imaging, and the use of other ancillary tests, is discussed. Current treatment modalities and their indications are reviewed. We will also describe some of the new, emerging therapies that may alter the way we manage headache in the pediatric population. Headache can, at times, be a frustrating symptom seen in the pediatricianʼs office, but here we hope to better elucidate the approach to evaluation, management, and treatment as well as provide some hope in regards to more effective upcoming therapies.