Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
---|---|---|---|---|
4152745 | Current Problems in Pediatric and Adolescent Health Care | 2012 | 23 Pages |
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease mediated by a combination of genetic and environmental triggers resulting in lymphocytic infiltration of pancreatic islets, destruction of beta cells, and lifelong dependency on exogenous insulin. Although T1D is prevalent (1 in 300) and its incidence is steadily increasing worldwide (3% per year), the exact gene-environment interactions precipitating the disease remain unknown. Living with T1D is challenging for patients, families, and caregivers. Because of the relative paucity of pediatric endocrinologists, general pediatricians and other subspecialists may occasionally be faced with the task of managing diabetes-related complaints. Herein, we provide a comprehensive review of the natural history, pathophysiology, and contemporary management of T1D. In addition, recent advances in T1D research are discussed.