An infant with pleuropulmonary blastoma type II detected during the prenatal period

Pleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB) is a rare malignant pulmonary neoplasm observed during childhood. PPB is classified into three types according to the pathological findings: type I (purely cystic), type II (cystic and solid) and type III (purely solid). Only three cases of PPB diagnosed during the prenatal period have been reported in the previous literature, all of which involved PPB type I. We herein report the case of a female infant with PPB type II detected on maternal ultrasonography. The patient underwent surgical resection with adjuvant postoperative chemotherapy in the neonatal period due to persistent respiratory instability. According to the previous literature, the prognosis of type II and III disease is less favorable than that of type I. The present patient achieved 11 years of disease-free-survival. To our best knowledge, this is the first report of PPB type II diagnosed during the prenatal period.