Role of routine cystoscopy and cystography in exstrophy-epispadias complex

Cystoscopic and cystometrographic evaluation of an exstrophic bladder allows early diagnosis of treatable bladder pathologies and monitoring of bladder capacity. It is a valuable tool in the follow-up period preceding bladder neck reconstruction.848Figure. (A), (B) Good bladder capacity (95 mL), bilateral low-grade VUR, smooth bladder contour. Scheduled for bladder neck reconstruction. (C), (D) Small bladder capacity (55 mL), unilateral VUR, smooth bladder contour. (E), (F) High-grade bilateral VUR, bladder outlet obstruction, irregular bladder contour. A fibrotic bladder scar bridge was incised.