Uroflowmetry with pelvic floor electromyography: inter-rater agreement on diagnosis of pediatric non-neurogenic voiding disorders

Uroflow-EMG has shown promise for improving clinical management of NNVDs associated with pediatric LUT dysfunction. However, inter-rater agreement on NNVD diagnoses using current criteria is suboptimal. Various mechanisms should be explored to improve consistency in practitioners' diagnosis of NNVDs.159Figure. Kappa statistics for inter-rater agreement on diagnosis of non-neurogenic voiding disorders. Each bar represents the kappa statistic for agreement between a pair of raters. On a scale from 0.0 to 1.0, a kappa of 0.0 denotes the amount of agreement that would be expected to occur by chance, while 1.0 indicates perfect agreement.