The prevention and management of anaphylaxis

Anaphylaxis is defined as a serious allergic reaction that is rapid in onset and may cause death and its incidence is increasing. Clinicians are highly likely to encounter a case during their career, hence they need to be equipped to make a diagnosis and arrange appropriate care and follow up after an allergic reaction. After confirming the allergen trigger, prevention of anaphylaxis is through avoidance of the allergen, optimal management of co-morbidities such as asthma, desensitization and adjuncts such as anti-IgE therapies.The management of anaphylaxis is different in hospital and community settings, but in both the key emphasis is the prompt administration of intramuscular (IM) adrenaline. Patients therefore need to be empowered to manage potential anaphylactic reactions with training in the use of adrenaline auto-injectors and personalized emergency management plans.