Scoliosis: a review

The normal spine has a straight profile when seen from behind. Scoliosis occurs when this profile is deformed by a curvature which may appear in one or more segments. This curvature is associated with rotation and wedging of the vertebrae. Outwardly, in addition to the curve there may be prominence of the thorax or lop-sidedness of the shoulders or pelvis. The majority of cases present in adolescent females with no obvious cause. Spinal deformity presenting in younger children is much more likely to have an identifiable cause. Because of the risk of progression and the consequences these curves need to be monitored and treated if necessary. These treatments and indications are discussed along with the different types of scoliosis.