Gallbladder disease in children

Biliary disease in children has changed over the past few decades, with a marked rise in incidence—perhaps most related to the parallel rise in pediatric obesity—as well as a rise in cholecystectomy rates. In addition to stone disease (cholelithiasis), acalculous causes of gallbladder pain such as biliary dyskinesia, also appear to be on the rise and present diagnostic and treatment conundrums to surgeons.