Dominios cognitivos en la depresión unipolar. Teorías multimodales y nuevas perspectivas terapéuticas

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is considered the prototype of pathology heterogeneous group of Depressive Disorders (DSM-5). The MDD is a pleomorphic pathology and multisystem polygenic disorder emerging from different levels of interacting genes and environmental factors. Unfortunately, the increasing cost of depression and related affective disorders has not been paralleled by improvements in the efficacy of antidepressant treatment. Current challenges are focused on finding therapeutic targets capable of modulating different pathophysiological levels from the genome (eg. histone deacetylase inhibitors), and systemic metabolic variables (eg. drugs that interact at the level of oxidative and inflammatory phenomena), to higher order cognitive mechanisms (eg. executive functions). This brief review aims to analyze the neuropsychological terms we considered necessary in the clinical assessment of patients with MDD and the pathophysiological mechanisms and new therapeutic seeking to overcome current limitations.