Farmacogenética de las reacciones adversas a los antipsicóticos en pacientes con esquizofrenia

This review focuses on the current knowledge on pharmacogenetics related to adverse reactions to antipsychotics in patients with schizophrenia. Numerous studies have attempted to identify genetic variants that predict individual risk of side effects during antipsychotic treatment. Several of these studies have determined that polymorphisms of cytochrome P450 enzymes and dopamine receptors may be related to an increased risk of movement disorders induced by antipsychotics. On the other hand, the serotonergic and leptin systems can regulate food intake, and polymorphisms in the 5-HT2C and leptin genes have been associated with antipsychotic-induced weight gain. Several studies have investigated the risk of agranulocytosis during clozapine treatment, and concluded that genetic variants of the major histocompatibility complex may be related with and increased risk of agranulocytosis.