Autism spectrum disorders

This contribution presents an update on recent research into autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The areas covered include the genetic and neurological bases of ASD and the procedures required for accurate diagnostic assessment. Findings that challenge traditional views of ASD, particularly related to prevalence rates (now known to be much higher than originally believed), and levels of cognitive and linguistic ability are also discussed. The results of treatment trials are variable and the need for a much higher level of experimental sophistication in intervention research is highlighted. The necessity of providing more effective treatments and support networks for adults with ASD, rather than the focus being almost entirely on children, is stressed.