The barriers to govern long-term care innovations:: The paradoxical role of subsidies in a transition program

This study deals with the governance of a transition program (2007–2011) that tried to radically change a fragmented, supply-driven long-term care system into an integrated, demand-driven system to deal with an aging population. The transition program was subsidized by the healthcare ministry and enabled 26 projects throughout the Netherlands. The idea was to first experiment with innovative long-term care practices outside the system and then to scale-up these innovations to change the system. However, previous research does not highlight examples of long-term care innovations that scaled-up. Hence, the goal is to explore the barriers to govern the scaling-up of the long-term care innovations. The barriers were identified by participating in the program and interviewing ministry, program and project actors. The core barrier was the lack of commitment to the empowerment. It resulted from the subsidy focus of the projects and the lack of protection of the innovatio