Radiation dose reduction in direct digital panoramic radiography

Objectives(a) To measure the absorbed radiation doses at 16 anatomical sites of a Rando phantom and (b) to calculate the effective doses including and excluding the salivary gland doses in panoramic radiography using a conventional and a digital panoramic device.Study designThermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD-100) were placed at 16 sites in a Rando phantom, using a conventional, Planmeca Promax and a digital, Planmeca PM2002CC Proline 2000 (Planmeca Oy, 00880 Helsinki, Finland) panoramic device for panoramic radiography. During conventional radiography the selected exposure settings were 66 kVp, 6 mA and 16 s, while during digital radiography two combinations were selected 60 kVp, 4 mA, 18 s and 66 kVp, 8 mA, 18 s with and without image processing function. The dosimeters were annealed in a PTW-TLDO Harshaw oven. TLD energy response was studied using RQN beam narrow series at GAEC's Secondary Standard Calibration Laboratory. The reader used was a Harshaw, 4500. Effective dose was estimated according to ICRP60 report (EICRP60). An additional estimation of the effective dose was accomplished including the doses of the salivary glands (ESAL). A Wilcoxon signed ranks test was used for statistical analysis.ResultsThe effective dose, according to ICRP report (EICRP60) in conventional panoramic radiography was 17 μSv and ESAL was 26 μSv. The respective values in digital panoramic radiography were EICRP60 = 23 μSv and ESAL = 38 μSv; while using the lowest possible radiographic settings EICRP60 was 8 μSv and ESAL was 12 μSv.ConclusionsThe effective dose reduction in digital panoramic radiography can be achieved, if the lowest possible radiographic settings are used.