Roxithromycin Reduces Cyclosporine-Induced Gingival Hyperplasia in Renal Transplant Patients

Gingival overgrowth (GO) is a common side effect of chronic cyclosporine use. The average prevalence of GO is about 30%, ranging from 10% to 85% in various series, due to diverse aggravating risk factors: drug interactions with calcium channel blockers, age, cyclosporine dose, bacterial plaque, and genetic predisposition. Recent studies have demonstrated elevated levels of specific cytokines particularly transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) in hyperplastic gingival tissue, suggesting that this growth factor plays a role in the accumulation of the extracellular matrix. Until recently treatment for this complication was only surgical. Nowadays, several studies have been performed to evaluate the effects of antibiotic treatment on the regression of GO. In the present study, we used roxithromycin, a macrolide antibiotic that has inhibitory effect on TGF-β production by inflammatory cells. The results suggested that roxithromycin may be an important therapeutic tool to reduce cyclosporine-induced GO.