Comparative Analysis of the Hemodynamic and Respiratory Parameters During Laparoscopic Versus Open Living Donor Nephrectomy: An Experimental Model

Increased intrabdominal pressure induced by pneumoperitoneum induces modifications in cardiovascular and respiratory systems. The aim of the study was to analyze the hemodynamic and respiratory modifications produced by pneumoperitoneum during living donor nephrectomy in a porcine experimental model. Twenty pigs underwent left nephrectomy, 10 by laparoscopy and 10 by an open approach. The following parameters were measured: mean arterial pressure (MAP), central venous pressure, cardiac output (CO), systemic vascular resistance (SVR), end tidal CO2 (ETCO2), minute volume (MV), respiratory airway pressure (RAP), and “compliance.” Both groups were monitored for cardiac and respiratory systems at basal, 5, 30, and 60 minutes as well as postsurgery. The comparative analysis demonstrated increased CO with a higher difference at 30 minutes (4.33 ± 0.73 vs 8.54 ± 1.26 L/min, P < .001); decreased SVR (1118.81 ± 302.52 vs 663.37 ± 81.45 dinas × s × cm−5, P < .001), and elevated MAP among the laparoscopic group (66.5 ± 11.52 vs 80.25 ± 2.49 mm Hg, P = .004). Analysis of respiratory modifications showed an initial increase in ETCO2 (44.3 ± 2.6 vs 54.1 ± 12.56 mm Hg, P < .035) and a higher MV administered (5.6 ± 0.1 vs 7.01 ± 0.96 L/min, P = .03) to the laparoscopy group. An increased RAP was observed at 5 minutes (22.11 ± 2.76 vs 28.8 ± 3.68 mm Hg, P < .001), in the laparoscopic group and lower levels of “compliance” at the same moment in that group (16 ± 1.66 vs 14.9 ± 4.07 cm H2O). Laparoscopic nephrectomy caused an increase in CO and MAP and decreased SVR. Likewise there were elevations of RAP, ETCO2, and MV and a slight decrease in the “compliance.”