Campath-1H as Rescue Therapy for the Treatment of Acute Rejection in Kidney Transplant Patients

IntroductionKidney transplant patients with acute rejection episodes refractory to antilymphocyte preparations require aggressive treatment to salvage renal function and reduce the progression of chronic allograft nephropathy.Patients and methodsDuring a 6-month period, we administered Campath-1H as salvage therapy to five patients who had been previously treated with thymoglobulin and/or OKT3. In addition to measurements of the serum creatinine and BUN levels, we estimated creatinine clearance and glomerular filtration rates (GFR) using the Cockcroft-Gault and the MDRD equations at the time of initiation of therapy as well as at 2 weeks and 2 months thereafter.ResultFour of the five patients responded to Campath-1H therapy; kidney function improved to nearly the level before the rejection episode. The estimated creatinine clearance increased approximately threefold and the GFR approximately fourfold higher than the values before Campath-1H administration. The adverse events were mild and self-limited.ConclusionSalvage of refractory acute rejection episodes may be possible in selected patients using Campath-1H.