Leiomyosarcoma of the Inferior Vena Cava With Kidney Invasion

Primary leiomyosarcomas of the inferior vena cava (IVC) are rare tumors associated with poor prognosis, and surgical resection with the goal of obtaining negative margins is the gold standard for initial treatment. Tumor characteristics of both extraluminal extension into renal parenchyma and intraluminal extension of the subdiaphragmatic IVC are even less common. The prognosis of vascular leiomyosarcomas is determined by the location and the size of the tumor, as these factors determine the risk of local recurrence and metastasis. We present a case of a 30-year old female incidentally found to have a 14 cm right renal mass and IVC thrombus.