Emergency department alcohol and drug screening for Illinois pediatric trauma patients, 1999 to 2009

BackgroundRecent guidelines recommend universal substance abuse screening for all trauma patients aged 12 years and older because brief interventions can help prevent future trauma. However, little is known about actual rates of screening in this setting.MethodsThe Illinois State Trauma Registry was queried for severely injured patients from 1999 to 2009. Multivariate logistic regression was used to characterize, according to demographic and physiologic parameters, which patients were screened with blood alcohol and urine toxicology and which screened positive.ResultsOf the 12,264 pediatric patients, 40% were tested for alcohol and 37% for drugs. Nine percent of patients screened positive for alcohol and 8% for drugs. Age strongly predicted positive tests, as did male sex. Black and Hispanic patients were screened for alcohol most frequently, but only Hispanics were more likely to test positive.ConclusionAlthough current guidelines recommend screening all trauma patients 12 years and older, current practice falls far short of this goal.