Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Associated with Esophageal Atresia: Incidence, Outcomes, and Determinants of Mortality

In patients with both CDH and EA, survival is significantly lower than other patients with CDH, but not uniformly lethal, therefore, intent to treat is a viable approach. Although the association of CDH with EA has a substantial impact on survival, it is the presence of low birth weight, cardiac and chromosomal abnormalities, surfactant use, and larger defects-and not the mere presence of EA-that influences the outcomes of this unique cohort.