Jejunal cholinergic, nitrergic, and soluble guanylate cyclase activity in postoperative ileus

BackgroundIn animal models of postoperative ileus (POI), inflammation of the intestine plays an important role in the pathogenesis of POI. Changes in α2-adrenoceptors and nitrergic regulation have been proposed to be implicated. The aim of our study was to investigate the presynaptic α2-receptor–mediated control of cholinergic nerve activity, the nitrergic nerve activity, and the possible role of soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) during the inflammatory phase of POI.MethodsIleus was induced by anesthesia and manipulation of the rat jejunum. Rats were treated with the sGC inhibitors methylene blue or ODQ; nonoperated animals served as controls. After 24 h, plasma and jejunal tissue were collected for biochemical assays, nitric oxide synthase-1 (NOS-1)-immunohistochemistry, acetylcholine (Ach)-release experiments, and muscle tension experiments.ResultsIn all operated animal groups, myeloperoxidase activity was significantly increased, which indicates initiation of an inflammatory response. The α2-adrenoceptor agonist UK14,304 reduced electrically induced Ach-release similarly in operated and nonoperated animals. In strips of operated animals, electrically induced nitrergic relaxations were decreased, whereas relaxations induced by exogenous nitric oxide (NO) remained unchanged compared with control. The number of myenteric neurons and the percentage of NOS-1-positive neurons were not influenced. Plasmatic cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels were decreased in all operated groups, whereas jejunal cGMP levels were unchanged compared with nonoperated controls; treatment with sGC inhibitors did not reduce plasmatic cGMP levels.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that presynaptic α2-receptor mediated control of intestinal cholinergic nerve activity is unchanged during manipulation-induced inflammation. However, this inflammation induces impaired nitrergic neurotransmission related to decreased NOS-1 activity in the nitrergic nerves.