Neurons in Macaque Area V4 Are Tuned for Complex Spatio-Temporal Patterns

•V4 neurons show complex spatio-temporal tuning dynamics•Neurons with heterogeneous shape selectivity have diverse temporal response kernels•Population shape decoding models benefit from this temporal information•Temporal information could provide a multiplexed code for spatio-temporal features

SummaryTo deepen our understanding of object recognition, it is critical to understand the nature of transformations that occur in intermediate stages of processing in the ventral visual pathway, such as area V4. Neurons in V4 are selective to local features of global shape, such as extended contours. Previously, we found that V4 neurons selective for curved elements exhibit a high degree of spatial variation in their preference. If spatial variation in curvature selectivity was also marked by distinct temporal response patterns at different spatial locations, then it might be possible to untangle this information in subsequent processing based on temporal responses. Indeed, we find that V4 neurons whose receptive fields exhibit intricate selectivity also show variation in their temporal responses across locations. A computational model that decodes stimulus identity based on population responses benefits from using this temporal information, suggesting that it could provide a multiplexed code for spatio-temporal features.