Polysyllabic pseudo-word processing in reading and lexical decision: Converging evidence from behavioral data, connectionist simulations and functional MRI

The cognitive mechanisms involved in polysyllabic pseudo-word processing-and their neurobiological correlates-were studied through the analysis of length effects on French words and pseudo-words in reading and lexical decision. Connectionist simulations conducted on the ACV98 network (Ans, B., Carbonnel, S., Valdois, S., 1998. A connectionist multiple-trace memory model for polysyllabic word reading. Psychol. Rev. 105, 678-723) paralleled the behavioral data in showing a strong length effect on naming latencies for pseudo-words only and the absence of length effect for both words and pseudo-words in lexical decision. Length effects in reading were characterized at the neurobiological level by a significant and specific activity increase for pseudo-words as compared to words in the right lingual gyrus (BA 19), the left superior parietal lobule and precuneus (BA7), the left middle temporal gyrus (BA21) and the left cerebellum. The behavioral results suggest that polysyllabic pseudo-word reading mainly relies on an analytic procedure. At the biological level, additional activations in visual and visual attentional brain areas during long pseudo-word reading emphasize the role of visual and visual attentional processes in pseudo-word reading. The present findings place important constraints on theories of reading in suggesting the involvement of a serial mechanism based on visual attentional processing in pseudo-word reading.